Surface disinfectant with residual biocidal property

ABSTRACT

A disinfectant formulation is provided imparting a residual biocidal property. The disinfectant formulation is used to treat a surface to impart a film having a capacity to quickly kill bacteria and other germs for at least 24 hours after deposit of the film on a treated surface. The disinfectant formulation comprises a polymer binder, wherein the polymer binder is an oxazoline homopolymer or an extended or a modified polymer based on an oxazoline homopolymer, and a biocidal compound. The disinfectant formulation further comprises a carrier. An article having the disinfectant formulation is provided as well as methods of making, using and applying the disinfectant formulation.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from U.S. provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 62/084,917, filed on Nov. 26, 2014, and from U.S.provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/127,075, filed on Mar. 2,2015, and from U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/166,403,filed on May 26, 2015, in the United States Patent and Trademark Office.The disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of disinfectant formulations,and more specifically, to a disinfectant formulation imparting aresidual biocidal property.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Microbes exist everywhere in the modern world. While some are beneficialto humans and the environment, others may have significant negativeconsequences for contaminated articles as well as the persons, animalsand ecological members coming in contact with them. There are a numberof industries and environments where such microbes are especiallyprevalent.

Healthcare

A hospital-acquired infection (HAI; alternatively a “nosocomialinfection”) is an infection whose development is favored by a hospitalor healthcare environment. Such maladies typically are fungal orbacterial infections and can afflict the victim locally or systemically.Nosocomial infections can cause severe pneumonia as well as infectionsof the urinary tract, bloodstream, and other parts of the body.

Nosocomial infections have severe medical implications for patients andcare providers. In the United States, data suggest that approximately1.7 million instances of hospital-associated infections occur each year,with nearly 100,000 deaths resulting therefrom. European data andsurveys indicate Gram-negative bacterial infections alone account for8,000-10,000 deaths each year.

Several aggravating factors contribute to the high HAI rate. Hospitals,urgent care centers, nursing homes, and similar facilities focus theirtreatments on those with serious illnesses and injuries. As a result,these facilities house abnormally highly concentrated populations ofpatients with weakened immune systems.

A trio of pathogens is commonly found in healthcare settings andtogether account for approximately one-third of nosocomial infections:coagulase-negative Staphylococci (15%), Candida species (11%), andEscherichia coli (10%).

Worse, it is the more robust disease-causing pathogens that are presentin such environments. The six so-called “ESKAPE pathogens”—Enterococcusfaecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacterbaumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species—possessantibiotic resistance and are implicated in nearly half of allnosocomial infections. Their resistance to one or more biocidal agentsmakes such infections particularly dangerous.

In particular, the broad nutritional versatility of Pseudomonas permitsits survival in extreme environments, including survival on surfaces notintensively cleaned and sterilized. This pathogen's ubiquity in thehospital environment makes it a leading cause of Gram-negativenosocomial infections. Particularly vulnerable are immune-compromisedpatients (e.g. those afflicted with cystic fibrosis, cancer, or burns).

The most common means of HAIs is through direct or indirect contacttransmission. Direct contact transmission involves a patient contactingeither a contaminated patient or worker. As care providers move throughthe healthcare institution, they come into contact with its manypatients. These workers unwittingly act in a manner analogous to bees ina garden, “pollinating” rooms and wards as they care for residents.

Indirect contact transmission occurs when the patient contacts acontaminated object or surface. The healthcare environment presents anarray of articles capable of passively vectoring pathogens.

Nosocomial infections further deal a serious blow to the volume,quality, and cost of healthcare provided by hospitals and otherinstitutions. In addition to the roughly 100,000 HAI-related deathsoccurring annually in the United States, an estimated two million morevictims are forced to endure the physical ravages and emotional distressassociated with these serious and avoidable illnesses.

Institutions have reacted by creating policies to impose more stringentcleanliness and disinfection requirements upon staff and the patientenvironment. These programs typically include frequent hand-washing andfrequent disinfection of surfaces. Despite implementation of programs tocurb nosocomial infections, infections still occur at unacceptably highrates.

Home Care and Household

Household environments also face microbes. A main disadvantageassociated with consumer disinfectants and sanitizers is that, whilethey can be effective at initially killing microbes, the surface iseasily and quickly re-contaminated through contact, airborne microbes,and un-killed residual microbes before treatment. While some of thedisinfectants would continue to offer some control if simply left on thesurface, this would result in a greasy or tacky residue that would beeasily negated by casual contact with the surface. Thus, there is adesire for a home care and household cleaner that kills microbes quicklyon contact, then acts as a residual disinfectant but yet does not havethis undesirable sticky or tacky effect. Such cleaners may be useful forgeneral purpose household cleaning, bathroom cleaning, and sprayprotectants.

A difference between hospital and healthcare cleaners and householdproducts is the allowable VOC (volatile organic content). Theregulations for most non-aerosol household consumer disinfectants are amaximum of 1% VOC.

Food Service

The food service industry also faces outbreaks in contamination ofpathogens in the workplace and spreading disease out to consumers. Eventhough food manufacturers adopt vigorous hygiene plans and comply withtight government hygiene regulations, major outbreaks of microbes arestill reported occasionally that causes serious illness among consumers.Disinfectants with residual activities should effectively alleviate theissue.

In summary, there remains a need for a formulation able to confer aresidual biocidal activity to treated surfaces. It would be furtheradvantageous if the formulation were combined with a surfacedisinfectant, to enable a single cleaning to both disinfect and impartthe residual biocidal effect.

It further would be advantageous for the residual biocidal property tobe durably associated with the treated surface, such that it maycontinue to provide microbial reduction for an extended period of timeafter application.

It further would be advantageous if there is a formulation(s) effectiveacross a wide range of industries and applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a disinfectant formulation imparting aresidual biocidal property. The disinfectant formulation comprises apolymer binder, wherein the polymer binder is an oxazoline homopolymeror an extended or a modified polymer based on an oxazoline homopolymer,and a biocidal compound. The disinfectant formulation further comprisesa carrier.

In an aspect of the invention the oxazoline homopolymer has a structureof:

wherein R₁ is a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkynyl,allyl, amino, anilino, aryl, benzyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl,carboxyalkenyl, cyano, glycosyl, halo, hydroxyl, oxazolinium mesylate,oxazolinium tosylate, oxazolinium triflate, silyl oxazolinium, phenolic,polyalkoxy, quaternary ammonium, thiol, or thioether group; R₂ is ahydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkynyl, allyl, amino,anilino, aryl, benzyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyalkenyl, cyano,glycosyl, halo, hydroxyl, oxazolinium mesylate, oxazolinium tosylate,oxazolinium triflate, silyl oxazolinium, phenolic, polyalkoxy,quaternary ammonium, thiol, or thioether group or a macrocyclicstructure; R₃ is a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl, benzyl,hydroxyalkyl, or perfluoroalkyl group; and n is in a range of 1 to1,000,000.

In another aspect of the invention other features of the disinfectantformulation(s) are provided.

In yet another aspect of the invention, an article having thedisinfectant formulation(s) of the present invention is provided as wellas methods of making, using and applying the disinfectantformulation(s).

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will becomeapparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It shouldbe understood that the detailed description and specific examples, whileindicating the preferred embodiments of the invention, are intended forpurposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope ofthe invention

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention ismerely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit theinvention, its application, or uses. The present invention has broadpotential application and utility, which is contemplated to be adaptableacross a wide range of industries. The following description is providedherein solely by way of example for purposes of providing an enablingdisclosure of the invention, but does not limit the scope or substanceof the invention.

As used herein, the terms “microbe” or “microbial” should be interpretedto refer to any of the microscopic organisms studied by microbiologistsor found in the use environment of a treated article. Such organismsinclude, but are not limited to, bacteria and fungi as well as othersingle-celled organisms such as mold, mildew and algae. Viral particlesand other infectious agents are also included in the term microbe.

“Antimicrobial” further should be understood to encompass bothmicrobicidal and microbistatic properties. That is, the term comprehendsmicrobe killing, leading to a reduction in number of microbes, as wellas a retarding effect of microbial growth, wherein numbers may remainmore or less constant (but nonetheless allowing for slightincrease/decrease).

For ease of discussion, this description uses the term antimicrobial todenote a broad spectrum activity (e.g. against bacteria and fungi). Whenspeaking of efficacy against a particular microorganism or taxonomicrank, the more focused term will be used (e.g. antifungal to denoteefficacy against fungal growth in particular).

Using the above example, it should be understood that efficacy againstfungi does not in any way preclude the possibility that the sameantimicrobial composition may demonstrate efficacy against another classof microbes.

For example, discussion of the strong bacterial efficacy demonstrated bya disclosed embodiment should not be read to exclude that embodimentfrom also demonstrating antifungal activity. This method of presentationshould not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention in anyway.

Disinfectant Formulation

The present invention is directed to a disinfectant formulation. In anaspect of the invention, the disinfectant formulation is in a liquidform. The composition of the disinfectant formulation comprises abiocidal compound and a polymer binder. The composition may furthercomprise a solvent (such as water or a low molecular weight alcohol), asurfactant, a colorant, a fragrance, among other components.

A liquid composition is formulated having surface disinfection andresidual biocidal properties. The formulation can be applied to asurface by spraying, rolling, fogging, wiping or other means. Theformulation acts as a surface disinfectant, killing infectious microbespresent on the surface.

Once dried, the liquid formulation leaves a residual protective film onthe surface. The residual film possesses a biocidal property, enablingit to maintain protection of the surface against microbial contaminationfor an extended time period after its application.

In a preferred embodiment, the surface disinfectant formulation impartsa film with the capacity to quickly kill bacteria and other germs for atleast 24 hours after deposit of the film on the treated surface. In anaspect of the invention, quick kill generally refers to a time period ofabout 30 seconds to about 5 minutes. The film will remain on the surfaceand is durable to multiple touches and wearing of the surface.

The liquid composition comprises a polymer binder, a biocidal compound,a carrier such as a solvent, and other optional components such asfragrances.

Polymer Binder

In an aspect of the invention, the polymer binder is an oxazolinehomopolymer. As another feature of the invention, the oxazolinehomopolymer has the following structure:

wherein

R₁ and R₂ are end groups determined by the polymerization techniquesused to synthesize oxazoline homopolymer. R₁ and R₂ are independentlyselected and include, but are not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,alkoxy, alkylamino, alkynyl, allyl, amino, anilino, aryl, benzyl,carboxyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyalkenyl, cyano, glycosyl, halo, hydroxyl,oxazolinium mesylate, oxazolinium tosylate, oxazolinium triflate, silyloxazolinium, phenolic, polyalkoxy, quaternary ammonium, thiol, orthioether groups. Alternatively, R₂ could include a macrocyclicstructure formed during synthesis as a consequence of intramolecularattack.

For example, R₁ is a methyl group and R₂ is oxazolinium tosylate ifmethyl tosylate is used as the initiator in the cationic initiatedpolymerization of oxazoline.

R₃ is an end group determined by the type of oxazoline used in thepreparation of the polymer binder of this invention. R₃ includes, but isnot limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl, benzyl,hydroxyalkyl, or perfluoroalkyl. For example, R₃ is an ethyl group ifethyloxazoline is the monomer used to prepare the polymer binder for thepresent invention.

n is the degree of oxazoline polymerization in the homopolymer. n is ina range of 1 to 1,000,000. Preferably, n is in a range of 500 to250,000; most preferably, n is in a range of 2500 to 100,000.

Similar to oxazoline homopolymer, extended or modified polymers withsome variations based on the oxazoline homopolymer are also suitable forthe present invention. The techniques and options for performingchemical or molecular structure variations or modifications to oxazolineshould be familiar to those skilled in the art. A class of extended ormodified polymers based on oxazoline homopolymer can be represented withthe following molecular structure:

wherein

R₁ and R₃ have the same definition as those given in the above oxazolinehomopolymer.

B is additional monomer repeating unit linked to oxazoline in acoploymer. The types of arrangement of the repeating units between B andoxazoline in the copolymer can include, but are not limited to, block,alternating, periodic, or combinations thereof. There is no limitationas to the types of B that can be used to copolymerize with or modify theoxazoline of the present invention.

n is the degree of polymerization for an oxazoline repeating unit; n inthe copolymer is in a range of 1 to 1,000,000 and the degree ofpolymerization for B repeating unit in the copolymer in is in a range of0 to 500,000 at the same time. Preferably, n is in a range of 500 to250,000 and m is in a range of 20 to 10,000; and most preferably, n isin a range of 2500 to 100,000 and m is in a range of 50 to 5,000. Inaddition to linking B to ethyloxazoline through copolymerization, Bcould also be linked to oxazoline as an end group in a cationicpolymerization by using B as a cationic initiator if B itself is alreadya quaternary ammonium compound.

Not intended to be all inclusive, B can be, for example, ethyleneiminewith the following molecular structure:

wherein

R₁ and R₂ end groups have the same definition as those outlined foroxazoline homopolymer.

R₃ includes, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy,aryl, benzyl, hydroxyalkyl, or perfluoroalkyl.

R₄ includes, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy,aryl, benzyl, hydroxyalkyl, or perfluoroalkyl.

m is in a range of 0 to 500,000; preferably, in a range of 20 to 10,000;and most preferably, in a range of 50 to 5,000.

n is in a range of 1 to 1,000,000; preferably, 500 to 250,000; mostpreferably, in a range of 2500 to 100,000.

The synthesis of oxazoline and ethyleneimine copolymer can be phasedinto two steps, for example. In a first step, a cationic ring openingpolymerization technique can be used to make polyoxazoline homopolymer.In a second, step, the polyoxazoline made in the first step can behydrolyzed to convert part of polyoxazoline repeating units intopolyethyleneimine. Alternatively, oxazoline-ethylenimine copolymer canbe made with the appropriate respective monomers, an oxazoline and anaziridine. The result would be a cationic polymer having the abovestructure.

The degree of polymerization for oxazoline repeating unit n in thecopolymer is in a range of 1 to 1,000,000 and the degree ofpolymerization for ethyleneimine repeating unit in the copolymer m is ina range of 0 to 500,000 at the same time. Preferably, n is in a range of500 to 250,000 and m is in a range of 20 to 10,000, and most preferablyn is in a range of 2500 to 100,000 and m is in a range of 50 to 5,000.

Alternatively, the nitrogen in the ethyleneimine repeating unit could befurther quarternized to generate the following cationic copolymer:

Any quaternization technique that is familiar to those skilled in theart could be used to quaternize the polymer of this example. R₁, R₂, R₃and R₄ have the same meaning as those designated in the aboveoxazoline-ethyleneimine copolymer. R₅ includes, but is not limited to, ahydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or other types of alkyl group. Thecorresponding anion X⁻ is a halogen, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate,phosphate, carbonate/bicarbonate, hydroxy, or carboxylate.

The ranges for n and m are also the same as those described inoxazoline-ethyleneimine copolymer.

Another example of B that can be used for the present invention ispolydiallyldimethylammonium chloride. Polyethyloxazoline modified withpolydiallyldimethylammonium chloride has the following structure:

wherein

R₁ and R₄ have the same meaning as described in previous example forquarternized oxazoline-ethyleneimine copolymer.

R₂ and R₃, independently, include, but are not limited to, short chainalkyl groups such as C₁ to C₆. The corresponding anion X⁻ is a halogen,sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, phosphate, carbonate/bicarbonate,hydroxy, or carboxylate.

n and m are defined and numbered the same as in previous examples.

B could be other olefins including, but not limited to,diallyldimethylammonium chloride, styrene, methoxystyrene, andmethoxyethene. Ethyloxazoline can also be copolymerized withheterocyclic monomers such as oxirane, thietane, 1,3-dioxepane,oxetan-2-one, and tetrahydrofuran to enhance the performance of thepolymer for the present invention. The binder used in this inventioncould also employ pendant oxazoline groups on a polymer backbone, suchas an acrylic or styrene based polymer, or a copolymer containingacrylic or styrene.

Examples of commercially available polyethyloxazolines include, but arenot limited to, Aquazol 500 from Polymer Chemistry Innovations, Inc.

The amount of polymer binder that can be used in the liquid formulationcan vary somewhat depending upon desired length of residual activity ofthe composition and the nature of all the other components in thecomposition. Preferably, the amount of polymer binder in the liquidformulation is in a range of 0.1% to 20% based on the weight of liquidformulation. In a liquid formulation for healthcare applications, theamount of polymer binder in the liquid formulation is more preferably ina range of 0.5% to 10%, and most preferably in a range of 0.8% to 5%. Inliquid formulations for all-purpose and bathroom cleaners, the amount ofpolymer binder in the liquid formulation is more preferably in a rangeof 0.1% to 10%, and most preferably in a range of 0.1% to 5%.

The polymer binder preferably is water-soluble and can be readilyremoved from surface if any buildup is noticed. Present in smallamounts, it nonetheless can provide a durable bond between biocidalcompound and the treated surface to facilitate residual efficacy.

Biocidal Compound

The biocidal compound may be a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) withthe following molecular structure:

wherein

R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄ are independently selected and include, but are notlimited to, alkyl, alkoxy, or aryl, either with or without heteroatoms,or saturated or non-saturated. Some or all of the functional groups maybe the same.

The corresponding anion X⁻ includes, but is not limited to, a halogen,sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, phosphate, carbonate/bicarbonate,hydroxy, or carboxylate.

QACs include, but are not limited to, n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammoniumchloride, di-n-octyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl dimethylammonium chloride, n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium saccharinate, and3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride.

Combinations of monomeric QACs are preferred to be used for theinvention. A specific example of QAC combination is N-alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (40%); N-octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(30%); di-n-decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (15%); and di-n-dioctyldimethyl ammonium chloride (15%). The percentage is the weightpercentage of individual QAC based on the total weight of blended QACscomposition.

Polymeric version of the QACs with the following structures can also beused for the invention.

wherein

R₁, R₂, R₅, and R₆, independently, include, but are not limited to,hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or other longer carbon alkyl groups.

R₃ and R₄ are independently selected and include, but are not limitedto, methylene, ethylene, propylene or other longer alkylene linkinggroups.

n is the degree of polymerization; n is an integer in a range of from 2to 10,000.

Examples of cationic polymers with the above structure, include but arenot limited to, polyamines derived from dimethylamine andepichlorohydrin such as Superfloc C-572 commercially available fromKemira Chemicals.

Still another polymeric QAC suitable for the invention is polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride or polyDADMAC.

Yet another class of QACs useful for the present invention are thosechemical compounds with biguanide moiety in the molecule. Examples ofthis class of cationic antimicrobials include, but are not limited to,PHMB and chlorhexidine.

Examples of commercially available quaternary ammonium compoundsinclude, but are not limited to, Bardac 205M and 208M from Lonza, andBTC885 from Stepan Company.

The biocidal compound may be a weak acid, which has been shown to beparticularly effective in bathroom cleaners. In these type of products,citric, sulfamic (also known as amidosulfonic acid, amidosulfuric acid,aminosulfonic acid, and sulfamidic acid), glycolic, lactic, lauric andcapric acids are useful as both an effective biocide and a cleaningagent for soap scum and hard wart deposits.

Other compounds which may be useful are silane quaternary salts such as3(trihydroxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride. These mayhave the added benefit of reacting to the surface being treated for anenhancement of the residual properties.

Further biocidal compounds suitable for use in the present liquidformulation span a broad range of antimicrobials, biocides, sanitizers,and disinfectants. A water soluble or dispersible biocidal compound ispreferred, although biocides soluble in alcohol may be alternativelyemployed.

A non-exhaustive list of biocidal compounds suitable for use in thepresent formulation include triclosan, zinc pyrithione, metal salts andoxides, phenols, botanicals, halogens, peroxides, heterocyclicantimicrobials, aldehydes, and alcohols.

The concentration of biocidal compound in the formulation can be in arange of 0.05% to 20% based on the weight of the liquid composition. Fora liquid formulation for a healthcare application, preferably in a rangeof 0.1% to 20%, and more preferably in a range of 0.5% to 3%. For aliquid formulation for all-purpose and bathroom cleaners, preferably ina range of 0.05% to 10%. For a formulation for a protectant, preferablyin a range of 0.05% to 2%.

Carrier

The carrier or media for the liquid formulation of this invention can beany solvent that is volatile and allow easy evaporation at ambientcondition. Examples of liquid carriers include, but are not limited to,water and low molecular weight alcohols such as C1 to C8 alkanols.Specific examples include, but are not limited to, ethanol, isopropylalcohol, butanol, pentanol, and combinations thereof.

Another class of solvents for use in the invention includes alkyleneglycol ether. Examples include, but are not limited to, ethylene glycolmonopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycolmonohexyl ether, ethylene clycol monohexyl ether, diethylene glycolmonomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycolmonobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycolmonomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycolmonobutyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methylether acetate, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycoln-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycolmethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropyleneglycol n-propyl ether, and tripropylene glycol methyl ether.

Another class of solvents for use in the invention is based on terpenesand their derivatives such as terpene alcohols, terpene esters, terpeneethers, or terpene aldehydes. Examples of solvents, include but are notlimited to, pine oil, lemon oil, limonene, pinene, cymene, myrcene,fenchone, borneol, nopol, cineole, ionone and the like.

A preferred carrier in a liquid formulation for a home care cleaningapplication is water.

If the method of the application of the liquid formulation of thepresent invention is pressurized aerosol, a propellant may be needed inthe composition. A variety of propellants or mixtures can be used forthe present invention and should be familiar to those skilled in theart. C1 to C10 hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons are typicalpropellants in aerosol compositions known to the industry. Examples ofsuch propellants include, but are not limited to, pentane, butane,propane, and methane. Other types of propellants that can be used forthe present invention also include compressed air, nitrogen, or carbondioxide. Alternatively, a bag on valve package may be used to aerosolthe product without directly add a propellant to the composition.

Either a single solvent or a mixture of the above solvents can be usedfor the present invention. The types of solvents used for the presentinvention may depend upon the intended uses of the residual disinfectantcomposition. For example, if the composition of the present invent isintended for home care use, cleaning the contaminated surfaces free ofall types of dirt or soil may be of primary interest. Liquid carrier ormedia that assist and enhance the removal of soil may be formulation ofthe invention. For example, the residual disinfectant formulation orcomposition of the present invention may desire to include alkyl ormulti-alkyl glycol ethers for better cleaning performance in the homecare version of the formulation of the present invention. On the otherhand, if the primary goal of the residual disinfectant composition is tobe used at a health care facility where the major concern is hospitalacquired infection, then quick drying of the liquid composition of thepresent invention may be more desirable than cleaning dirt or soil outof the surfaces. Low molecular weight alcohols should be considered tohelp the liquid formulation of the present invent dry fast after theapplication. Also, a low molecular weight alcohol in the liquidformulation will strengthen the sanitizing activity of the liquidcomposition.

For health care use of the residual disinfectant, a mixture of water andlow molecular weight alcohol is preferred. The amount of alcohol presentin the liquid formulation is preferred to be at such a level that theliquid formulation is capable of forming a zerotropic mixture betweenthe alcohol and water. A minimum amount of alcohol, if present, in theliquid composition is 10%. Preferably, for health care use of theresidual disinfectant, the alcohol concentration is 30%, and mostpreferably the alcohol concentration is at least 50% based on the weightof liquid formulation for the health care use of the composition of theinvention.

Surfactant

A surfactant or wetting agent may be employed. The surfactant assiststhe liquid formulation to spread and evenly coat the surface beingtreated. The surfactant additionally contributes to the formation of azeotropic mixture between alcohol and water, thus facilitating a rapidand uniform drying of the liquid formulation once being applied ontosurface. A surfactant also plays an important role in the residualdisinfectant liquid formulation of the present invention for home careuse if the soil cleaning performance is the key feature the product isdesigned to possess.

Surfactants appropriate for the present liquid formulation include, butare not limited to, those that are nonionic, anionic, or amphoteric innature. Examples of commercially available wetting agents include, butare not limited to, Ecosurf SA-4 or Tergitol TMN-3 from Dow Chemical,and Q2-5211 from Dow Corning.

An amine oxide surfactant is preferred especially when the QAC is usedas the biocidal compound in the formulation.

In the category of nonionic surfactants, ethoxylated alcohols withdifferent amounts of ethylene oxides or HLB values can be used. Examplesof ethoxylated alcohols include, but are not limited to, Triton X-100(Dow Chemical, Midland Mich.), Ecosurf EH nonionic surfactant seriesfrom Dow Chemical, Tergitol nonionic surfactant series from DowChemical, the Surfonic surfactant series from Huntsman Corp., the Neodolsurfactant series from Shell, the Ethox surfactant series from EthoxChemicals and the Tomadol surfactant series from Air Products andChemicals, Inc.

Another class of nonionic surfactants include alkylpolyglucosides.Examples include the Glucopon Series from BASF and the Ecoteric seriesfrom Huntsman.

An alternative class of surfactants that is preferred for the liquidformulation are silane-based surfactants. Examples include but, are notlimited to, silicone polyethers organofunctional or reactive silanewetting agents, and fluorochemical based wetting agents.

The content of the surfactant in the liquid formulation is in a range of0% to 10%, preferably in a range of 0.01% to 5%.

Depending on the targeted uses, a liquid formulation of the presentinvention for home care use may need appropriate pH condition. Forexample, if the liquid product is used in the kitchen area, a high pHproduct may be desired in order to effectively remove grease soilscommonly found in the area. If the product is used in bathroom area,soap scum and hard water deposits may be the primary concern. In suchcase, a low pH product may be more appropriate for such a purpose. Thereis no limitation on the types of pH adjusting agents that can be addedinto the liquid composition of the present invention. Example of pHadjusting agents that can be used include, but are not limited to,triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, sodium hydroxide,sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, calciumcarbonate, citric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfamic acid,sulfuric acid and the like.

Other than components mentioned above, additional functional componentsmay be included in the liquid composition of the present invention.Additional components include, but are not limited to, chelants,compatibilizers, coupling agents, corrosion inhibitors, rheologymodifiers, fragrances, colorants, preservatives, UV stabilizers, opticalbrighteners, and active ingredient indicators.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid solution comprisesa polymer binder, a quaternary ammonium compound, a silicone-basedsurfactant, and ethanol. The liquid formulation can be made or mixed byany conventional method known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Thereare no preferred addition procedures for the formulation of the presentinvention provided that the formulation is ultimately homogeneous,compatible and stable. For example, if the polymer binder is a solid, itmay be preferable to first dissolve or disperse the polymer in a carriersuch as water or alcohol to make a stock polymer binder liquiddispersion. The stock polymer binder liquid dispersion may be readilyadded into the formulation of the present invention during the mixingprocedure.

Application of Liquid Formulation

The liquid formulation may be applied by a variety of means. If sprayed,the liquid formulation advantageously may be supplied in a conventionalbottle with a sprayer. The sprayer can be a trigger sprayer. As anoption to a trigger sprayer, an aerosol can also be used to deliver theliquid formulation on to surfaces. Additional application means include,but are not limited to, fogging, rolling, brushing, mopping, and using awipe by a variety of application devices. It is within the scope of thepresent invention that wipe products can also be made comprising orpre-treated with the disinfectant formulation(s) of the presentinvention, for example, for off-the-shelf sale or use.

To disinfect a contaminated surface, spray the liquid formulation untilthe area is completely covered. The wet formulation subsequently may bewiped dry with a dry cloth or paper towel.

The invention also relates to an article treated with a disinfectantformulation in accordance with aspects of the invention.

EXAMPLES

The following examples illustrate liquid formulations made in accordancewith aspects of the present invention. The testing results on theseformulations demonstrate the desired residual sanitizing or disinfectingperformance once being applied onto surfaces and dried. Cleaningperformance is also tested on those formulations that not only provideresidual disinfecting benefit but also cleaning features.

Formulations were tested for residual efficacy using the EPA 01-1Aprotocol. Briefly, bacteria were added to a glass slide and allowed todry on the surface. The formulation was then sprayed onto the surfaceand dried to form a transparent film. Once a film had formed, the glassslide was exposed to alternating wet and dry cycles using the Gardnerwear tester as described in the protocol. In between each cycle theslide was re-inoculated with bacteria. After the appropriate number ofwear and re-inoculations (48 passes and 11 re-inoculations forhealthcare formulation and 24 passes 5 re-inoculation for homecareformulation) the slide was exposed to bacteria for the indicated timeframe (i.e. 5 minutes) followed by recovery in an appropriateneutralizing solution.

In addition to residual efficacy, initial efficacy of the composition ofthe present invention was also tested according to ASTM E 1153.

A modified ASTM D4488 was used to evaluate the hard surface cleaningperformance for the home care composition of the present invention. Asoil of the following composition was used for the evaluation.

TABLE 1 Weight percentage of each Components component (%) Purevegetable oil 75 TM-122 AATCC carpet soil 25 *TM-122 AATCC carpet soilwas obtained from Textile Innovators

In the process of making a soiled ceramic tile for the cleaning test,around 2 grams of the liquid soil was placed on an aluminum foil. Aroller was used to roll and spread out the soil on the foil and let theroller pick up the soil as much as possible. The soil on the roller wastransferred to the glazed surface of a ceramic tile evenly by rollingthe soiled roll on the ceramic surface. The soiled ceramic tile was thenbaked in oven set at 180C for 45 minutes. The baked tile was conditionedat room temperature for 24 hours before being used for the cleaningtest.

A Gardner wear tester was used in the cleaning test. Scouring pads ofaround 1 cm width were attached to the abrasion boat for the wearing.Around 4 grams of test formulation was placed in a weighing boat. Theattached scouring pad was dipped into the weighing boat to pick up thetesting formulation.

The cleaning process started immediately after the pad is wetted withthe cleaning formulation. Seven wearing cycles (back and forth) wereused in the test.

Residual Disinfectant Examples for Healthcare

The following formulation in the example uses alcohol as the majorcarrier in order to provide fast drying property to the liquidformulations.

TABLE 2 HE1 HE2 HE3 Components (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) Water balancebalance balance Ethanol 70 70 0 2-Propanol 0 0 70 Polyethyloxazoline 2 22 Quaternary 0.8 1.2 1.2 ammonium compound Wetting 0.1 0.1 0.1agent/Surfactant

The residual efficacy testing was conducted using EP01-1A protocol andthe results are listed in the following Table.

TABLE 3 EP01-1A (average log reduction Formulation bacterial) HE1 3.53HE2 5.50 HE3 4.50

These formulations show excellent residual efficacy result based onEP01-1A test.

The ASTM E 1153 test protocol was also followed to assess the initialbiocidal property of HE2. Test results are presented in the followingtable.

TABLE 4 Method Time Complete kill Initial Efficacy 3 log reduction (<10CFU/PFU) Bacterial Klebsiella pneumoniae 30 seconds  1 minute ASTM E1153 Pseudomonas 30 seconds 30 seconds ASTM E 1153 aerugniosaStaphylococcus aureus 30 seconds 30 seconds ASTM E 1153 MRSA 30 seconds30 seconds ASTM E 1153 VRE 30 seconds 30 seconds ASTM E 1153Enterobacter 30 seconds 30 seconds ASTM E 1153 aerogenes Enterococcusfaecalis 30 seconds  1 minute ASTM E 1153 Fungal Aspergillus niger  1minute  5 minutes ASTM E 1153 Tricophyton  1 minute  5 minutes ASTM E1153 mentagrophytes Viral H1N1 (envelope) 30 seconds 30 seconds ASTM E1053 MS2 (Non-enveloped) 30 seconds  5 minutes ASTM E 1053 Time frameResidual Efficacy of exposure Log reduction Method Pseudomonas 5minutes >3 EPA 01-1A aerugniosa Enterobacter 5 minutes >3 EPA 01-1Aaerogenes Staphylococcus aureus 5 minutes >3 EPA 01-1A

These data clearly demonstrate that sample surfaces treated with theexemplary liquid formulation disclosed herein possess a demonstrablebiocidal activity at the indicated time frame.

Residual Disinfectant Cleaner Examples for Homecare

These compositions are formulated using water as the carrier. They areintended for homecare use where VOC regulations prohibit most use ofhigh levels of organic solvents such as alcohols.

TABLE 5 H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 Components (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %)Water balance balance balance balance balance EDTA tetra sodium 0 0 0 00.4 Polyethyloxazoline 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 Ethoxylated alcohol 0.33 0 0 0 0 #1Ethoxylated alcohol 0 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 #2 Quaternary 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4ammonium compound Ethanolamine 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Wetting Agent 0.1 0.10.1 0.1 0.1

The residual efficacy of these formulations were assessed using EP01-1Aprotocol and the results are listed in the following Table.

TABLE 6 EP01-1A (average log reduction Formulation bacterial) H1 3.53 H25.50 H3 5.50 H4 4.90 H5 3.80

Enterobacter aerogenes was the bacterial for H1 testing andStaphylococcus aureus was the bacteria used in the testing for the restof the formulations.

The testing results demonstrate that the H1 to H5 all provide residualefficacy to the treated surfaces. The cleaning performance was alsoevaluated using the modified ASTM D4488 test method:

The testing results also clearly visually showed the formulation ofpresent invention not only provided residual efficacy against bacterialbut also good cleaning performance on soiled surfaces.

Additional formulations set forth in the Tables below were tested forhome care and home cleaning applications. To solubilize the fragrance, apre-mix is prepared containing the fragrance, quaternary ammonium oniumcompound, surfactant and glycol ether if present.

TABLE 7 Light Duty Protectant Formulations P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8Component (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %)Polyethyl- 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 oxazoline Quaternary0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 ammonium compound Fragrance 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Wetting agent 0.30 Amine Oxide 0.300.30 0.30 0.30 Ethoxylated 0.30 Cationic surfactant Dicoco quat 0.30Ethoxylated 0.30 alcohol Tri- 0.50 ethanolamine NaEDTA 0.10 Sodium 0.10metasilicate pentahydrate Sodium Carbonate Water* B B B B B B B B P9 P10P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 Component (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %)(wt %) Polyethyl- 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 oxazolineQuaternary 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 ammonium compoundFragrance 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Wetting agent 0.10 0.100.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Amine Oxide 0.30 Ethoxylated Cationic surfactantDicoco quat Ethoxylated alcohol Tri- 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50ethanolamine NaEDTA Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate Sodium 0.10Carbonate Water* B B B B B B B P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P23 Component(wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) Polyethyl- 1.000.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 oxazoline Quaternary 0.20 0.20 0.100.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 ammonium compound Fragrance 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.050.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Wetting agent Amine Oxide 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30Ethoxylated Cationic surfactant Dicoco quat Ethoxylated 0.20 0.20 0.200.20 alcohol Tri- 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 ethanolamineNaEDTA Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate Sodium Carbonate Water* B B B BB B B B P24 P25 P26 P27 P28 P29 Component (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %)(wt %) (wt %) Polyethyl- 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 oxazolineQuaternary 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 ammonium compound Fragrance0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Wetting agent Amine Oxide EthoxylatedCationic surfactant Dicoco quat Ethoxylated 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.200.20 alcohol Tri- ethanolamine NaEDTA 0.10 0.10 Sodium 0.10 0.10metasilicate pentahydrate Sodium 0.10 0.10 Carbonate Water* B B B B B B*B means balance water

TABLE 8 All Purpose Cleaner Formulations A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8Component (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %)Polyethyl- 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 oxazoline Quaternary0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 ammonium compound Fragrance 0.100.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Amine Oxide 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.900.90 0.90 Ethoxylated 0.50 Alcohol 1 Ethoxylated Alcohol 2 Alkyl-polyglucoside Tri- 1.0 ethanolamine Glycol Ether 1 Glycol Ether 2 NaEDTA0.40 Sodium 0.10 metasilicate pentahydrate Sodium 0.10 Carbonate STPP0.10 TKPP 0.10 Water* B B B B B B B B A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15Component (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) Polyethyl-1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.00 1.20 1.00 oxazoline Quaternary 0.40 0.40 0.500.50 0.40 0.80 0.40 ammonium compound Fragrance 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.100.10 0.10 Amine Oxide 0.60 0.45 0.45 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.45 EthoxylatedAlcohol 1 Ethoxylated Alcohol 2 Alkyl- polyglucoside Tri- ethanolamineGlycol Ether 1 5.00 Glycol Ether 2 NaEDTA Sodium 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.100.10 0.10 0.10 metasilicate pentahydrate Sodium Carbonate STPP TKPPWater* B B B B B B B A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 Component (wt %)(wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) Polyethyl- 1.0 0.800.80 1.0 1.00 1.20 1.00 1.00 oxazoline Quaternary 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.500.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 ammonium compound Fragrance 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.100.10 0.10 0.10 Amine Oxide 0.60 0.60 0.60 1.50 1.20 0.60 Ethoxylated0.10 Alcohol 1 Ethoxylated Alcohol 2 Alkyl- 0.60 0.50 polyglucoside Tri-0.50 ethanolamine Glycol Ether 1 5.00 Glycol Ether 2 NaEDTA Sodium 0.100.10 0.05 0.05 metasilicate pentahydrate Sodium Carbonate STPP TKPPWater* B B B B B B B B A24 A25 A26 A27 A28 A29 A30 Component (wt %) (wt%) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) Polyethyl- 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.001.00 1.00 1.00 oxazoline Quaternary 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50ammonium compound Fragrance 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 AmineOxide 0.60 Ethoxylated 0.20 0.60 0.60 Alcohol 1 Ethoxylated 0.10 0.200.20 Alcohol 2 Alkyl- 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.40 polyglucoside Tri- 0.50 0.500.50 0.50 ethanolamine Glycol Ether 1 2.40 Glycol Ether 2 2.40 2.40NaEDTA Sodium 0.05 0.05 0.05 metasilicate pentahydrate Sodium CarbonateSTPP TKPP Water* B B B B B B B

TABLE 9 Bathroom Cleaner Formulations B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 Component(wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) Polyethyl- 1.001.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 oxazoline Quaternary 0.20 0.20 0.200.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 ammonium compound Fragrance 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.100.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Amine Oxide 0.84 0.42 0.84 0.42 0.84 Ethoxylated0.84 0.84 0.84 alcohol 1 Ethoxylated 0.50 0.50 alcohol 2 Glycol Ether4.00 4.00 4.00 NaEDTA 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 2.90 Citric Acid 2.502.50 Sulfamic Acid Water* B B B B B B B B B9 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15Component (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) Polyethyl-1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 oxazoline Quaternary 0.20 0.20 0.200.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 ammonium compound Fragrance 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.100.10 0.10 Amine Oxide 0.42 0.84 0.42 0.84 0.42 Ethoxylated 0.84 0.84alcohol 1 Ethoxylated 0.50 0.50 0.50 alcohol 2 Glycol Ether 4.00 4.004.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 NaEDTA Citric Acid 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 Sulfamic Acid2.50 2.50 2.50 Water* B B B B B B B

It will therefore be readily understood by those persons skilled in theart that the present composition and methods are susceptible of broadutility and application. Many embodiments and adaptations other thanthose herein described, as well as many variations, modifications andequivalent arrangements, will be apparent from or reasonably suggestedto one of ordinary skill by the present disclosure and the foregoingdescription thereof, without departing from the substance or scopethereof.

Accordingly, while the present composition and methods have beendescribed herein in detail in relation to its preferred embodiment, itis to be understood that this disclosure is only illustrative andexemplary and is made merely for purposes of providing a full andenabling disclosure.

The foregoing disclosure is not intended or to be construed to limit orotherwise to exclude any such other embodiments, adaptations,variations, modifications and equivalent arrangements.

What is claimed is:
 1. A disinfectant formulation imparting a residualbiocidal property, the disinfectant formulation comprising: a polymerbinder, wherein the polymer binder is an oxazoline homopolymer or anextended or a modified polymer based on an oxazoline homopolymer, abiocidal compound, and a carrier.
 2. The disinfectant formulationaccording to claim 1, wherein the oxazoline homopolymer has a structureof:

wherein R₁ is a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkynyl,allyl, amino, anilino, aryl, benzyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl,carboxyalkenyl, cyano, glycosyl, halo, hydroxyl, oxazolinium mesylate,oxazolinium tosylate, oxazolinium triflate, silyl oxazolinium, phenolic,polyalkoxy, quaternary ammonium, thiol, or thioether group; R₂ is ahydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkynyl, allyl, amino,anilino, aryl, benzyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyalkenyl, cyano,glycosyl, halo, hydroxyl, oxazolinium mesylate, oxazolinium tosylate,oxazolinium triflate, silyl oxazolinium, phenolic, polyalkoxy,quaternary ammonium, thiol, or thioether group or a macrocyclicstructure; R₃ is a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl, benzyl,hydroxyalkyl, or perfluoroalkyl group; and n is in a range of 1 to1,000,000.
 3. The disinfectant formulation according to claim 1, whereinthe extended or the modified polymer based on the oxazoline homopolymerhas a structure of:

wherein R₁ is a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkynyl,allyl, amino, anilino, aryl, benzyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl,carboxyalkenyl, cyano, glycosyl, halo, hydroxyl, oxazolinium mesylate,oxazolinium tosylate, oxazolinium triflate, silyl oxazolinium, phenolic,polyalkoxy, quaternary ammonium, thiol, or thioether group; R₃ is ahydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl, benzyl, hydroxyalkyl, orperfluoroalkyl group; n is in a range of 1 to 1,000,000; B is a monomerrepeating unit linked to oxazoline in a coploymer; and m is in a rangeof 0 to 500,000.
 4. The disinfectant formulation according to claim 3,wherein B is ethyleneimine having a structure of:

wherein R₁ is a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkynyl,allyl, amino, anilino, aryl, benzyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl,carboxyalkenyl, cyano, glycosyl, halo, hydroxyl, oxazolinium mesylate,oxazolinium tosylate, oxazolinium triflate, silyl oxazolinium, phenolic,polyalkoxy, quaternary ammonium, thiol, or thioether group; R₂ is ahydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkynyl, allyl, amino,anilino, aryl, benzyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyalkenyl, cyano,glycosyl, halo, hydroxyl, oxazolinium mesylate, oxazolinium tosylate,oxazolinium triflate, silyl oxazolinium, phenolic, polyalkoxy,quaternary ammonium, thiol, or thioether group or a macrocyclicstructure; R₃ is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl, benzyl,hydroxyalkyl, or perfluoroalkyl; R₄ is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy,aryl, benzyl, hydroxyalkyl, or perfluoroalkyl; m is in a range of 0 to500,000; and n is in a range of 1 to 1,000,000.
 5. The disinfectantformulation according to claim 3, wherein B has a structure of:

wherein R₁ is a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkynyl,allyl, amino, anilino, aryl, benzyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl,carboxyalkenyl, cyano, glycosyl, halo, hydroxyl, oxazolinium mesylate,oxazolinium tosylate, oxazolinium triflate, silyl oxazolinium, phenolic,polyalkoxy, quaternary ammonium, thiol, or thioether group; R₂ is ahydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkynyl, allyl, amino,anilino, aryl, benzyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyalkenyl, cyano,glycosyl, halo, hydroxyl, oxazolinium mesylate, oxazolinium tosylate,oxazolinium triflate, silyl oxazolinium, phenolic, polyalkoxy,quaternary ammonium, thiol, or thioether group or a macrocyclicstructure; R₃ is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl, benzyl,hydroxyalkyl, or perfluoroalkyl; R₄ is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy,aryl, benzyl, hydroxyalkyl, or perfluoroalkyl; R₅ is hydrogen, methyl,ethyl, propyl, or another type of alkyl group; m is in a range of 0 to500,000; n is in a range of 1 to 1,000,000; and X⁻, an anion, is ahalogen, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, phosphate,carbonate/bicarbonate, hydroxy, or carboxylate.
 6. The disinfectantformulation according to claim 3, wherein B is a polyethyloxazolinemodified with polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride having a structureof:

wherein R₁ is a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkynyl,allyl, amino, anilino, aryl, benzyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl,carboxyalkenyl, cyano, glycosyl, halo, hydroxyl, oxazolinium mesylate,oxazolinium tosylate, oxazolinium triflate, silyl oxazolinium, phenolic,polyalkoxy, quaternary ammonium, thiol, or thioether group; R₂ is ashort chain alkyl group; R₃ is a short chain alkyl group; R₄ ishydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, aryl, benzyl, hydroxyalkyl, orperfluoroalkyl; m is in a range of 0 to 500,000; n is in a range of 1 to1,000,000; and X⁻, an anion, is a halogen, sulfonate, sulfate,phosphonate, phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, hydroxy, or carboxylate.7. The disinfectant formulation according to claim 3, wherein B is anolefin selected from the group consisting of diallyldimethylammoniumchloride, styrene, methoxystyrene, methoxyethene, or another olefin. 8.The disinfectant formulation according to claim 1, wherein the polymerbinder is prepared with a monomer of ethyloxazoline.
 9. The disinfectantformulation according to claim 8, wherein ethyloxazoline iscopolymerized with a heterocyclic monomer.
 10. The disinfectantformulation according to claim 1, wherein the polymer binder employs apendant oxazoline group on a polymer backbone.
 11. The disinfectantformulation according to claim 10, wherein the polymer backbone is anacrylic or a styrene based polymer, or a copolymer containing acrylic orstyrene.
 12. The disinfectant formulation according to claim 1, whereinthe disinfectant formulation is in a form of a liquid.
 13. Thedisinfectant formulation according to claim 12, wherein the polymerbinder is present in a range of 0.1% to 20% based on the weight of thedisinfectant formulation.
 14. The disinfectant formulation according toclaim 13, wherein the polymer binder is in a range of 0.1% to 10% basedon the weight of the disinfectant formulation.
 15. The disinfectantformulation according to claim 1, wherein the biocidal compound isselected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium compound,citric acid, sulfamic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, lauric acid, andcapric acid, silane quaternary salts, triclosan, zinc pyrithione, metalsalt, metal oxide, phenol, botanical, halogen, peroxide, heterocyclicantimicrobial, aldehyde, alcohol, and a combination thereof.
 16. Thedisinfectant formulation according to claim 15, wherein the quaternaryammonium compound has a structure of:

wherein R₁ is alkyl, alkoxy, or aryl, either with or withoutheteroatoms, or saturated or non-saturated; R₂ is alkyl, alkoxy, oraryl, either with or without heteroatoms, or saturated or non-saturated;R₃ is alkyl, alkoxy, or aryl, either with or without heteroatoms, orsaturated or non-saturated; R₄ is alkyl, alkoxy, or aryl, either with orwithout heteroatoms, or saturated or non-saturated; X⁻, an anion, ishalogen, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, phosphate, carbonate,bicarbonate, hydroxy, or carboxylate.
 17. The disinfectant formulationaccording to claim 15, wherein the quaternary ammonium compound isselected from the group consisting of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammoniumchloride, di-n-octyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl dimethylammonium chloride, n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium saccharinate,3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, and acombination thereof.
 18. The disinfectant formulation according to claim15, wherein the quaternary ammonium compound is present in a compositioncomprising: N-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, N-octyl decyldimethyl ammonium chloride, di-n-decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, anddi-n-dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.
 19. The disinfectantformulation according to claim 18, wherein the composition comprises: 40weight % of N-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 30 weight % ofN-octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 15 weight % of di-n-decyldimethyl ammonium chloride, and 15 weight % of di-n-dioctyl dimethylammonium chloride, wherein the percentage is a weight percentage ofindividual quaternary ammonium compounds based on the total weight ofthe composition.
 20. The disinfectant formulation according to claim 15,wherein the quaternary ammonium compound is a polymeric version having astructure of:

wherein R₁ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or other carbon alkylgroup; R₂ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or other carbon alkylgroup; R₃ is methylene, ethylene, propylene or other alkylene linkinggroup; R₄ is methylene, ethylene, propylene or other alkylene linkinggroup; R₅ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or other carbon alkylgroup; R₆ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl or other carbon alkylgroup; and n is in a range of 2 to 10,000.
 21. The disinfectantformulation according to claim 20, wherein the polymeric version is acationic polymer.
 22. The disinfectant formulation according to claim22, wherein the cationic polymer is a polyamine derived fromdimethylamine and epichlorohydrin.
 23. The disinfectant formulationaccording to claim 15, wherein the quaternary ammonium compound is polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, polyDADMAC, or a compound comprising abiguanide moiety in the molecule.
 24. The disinfectant formulationaccording to claim 12, wherein the biocidal compound is present in arange of 0.05% to 10% based on the weight of the disinfectantformulation.
 25. The disinfectant formulation according to claim 1,wherein the carrier comprises a solvent or a mixture of solvents. 26.The disinfectant formulation according to claim 25, wherein the solventor mixture of solvents comprise water, a low molecular weight alcohol,alkylene glycol ether, a terpene or terpene derivative, and acombination thereof.
 27. The disinfectant formulation according to claim1, further comprising a corrosion inhibitor.
 28. The disinfectantformulation according to claim 1, further comprising a surfactant or awetting agent.
 29. The disinfectant formulation according to claim 28,wherein the surfactant is present in a range of 0.01% to 10%.
 30. Aliquid disinfectant formulation imparting a residual biocidal property,the disinfectant formulation comprising: 0.1% to 20% of a polymerbinder, wherein the polymer binder is an oxazoline homopolymer or anextended or a modified polymer based on an oxazoline homopolymer, 0.05%to 2% of a biocidal compound, 0% to 99.9% of water, and 0.01% to 2% of asurfactant.
 31. A liquid disinfectant formulation imparting a residualbiocidal property, the disinfectant formulation comprising: 0.1% to 20%of a polymer binder, wherein the polymer binder is an oxazolinehomopolymer or an extended or a modified polymer based on an oxazolinehomopolymer, 0.05% to 10% of a biocidal compound, 0% to 99.9% of water,0.1% to 10% of a non-ionic surfactant, and 1% to 10% glycol ethersolvent.
 32. An article treated with the disinfectant formulationaccording to claim
 1. 33. The article according to claim 1, wherein thearticle is in a form of a wipe or other disposable product.
 34. A methodof using a disinfectant formulation according to claim 1, comprisingtreating a surface with the disinfectant formulation to impart a filmhaving a capacity to quickly kill bacteria and other germs for at least24 hours after deposit of the film on the treated surface.
 35. Themethod according to claim 34, wherein treating occurs by an applicationmethod selected from the group consisting of spraying, fogging, rolling,brushing, mopping, wiping, and a combination thereof.